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Expat tax in the United Kingdom: 2025 guide for better compliance | eBook

September 2, 2025

Hiring expatriates in the UK or sending UK-based employees overseas involves a new set of obligations for employers. To ensure compliance with tax regulations, our UK tax experts have gathered essential information on cross-border employment and expat tax in the United Kingdom. This will provide you with a basic knowledge about tax residency, personal income tax, social security and health insurance contributions or penalties for non-compliance.

Download our guide on expat tax in the United Kingdom, or read more below.

Overview of key facts related to expat tax in the United Kingdom

Our local tax, payroll and labour law experts are here to help you – as an expat or an employer – to obtain essential expert advice, so that you can effectively address all the matters related to cross-border mobility in the United Kingdom and other locations globally.

Tax residency

A person is considered a UK tax resident based on the Statutory Residence Test (SRT). This test evaluates residency status using three key tests:

Automatic Overseas Test (If any condition is met, the person is not a UK tax resident)

  • Spent fewer than 16 days in the UK during the tax year (if UK resident in previous 3 years).
  • Spent fewer than 46 days in the UK (if not a UK resident in previous 3 years).
  • Works full-time overseas and spent fewer than 91 days in the UK, with fewer than 31 working days in the UK.

Automatic UK Test (If any condition is met, the person is a UK tax resident)

  • Spent 183 days or more in the UK during the tax year.
  • Has a home in the UK (available for at least 91 consecutive days, lived in for at least 30 days) and no overseas home used in a similar way.
  • Works full-time in the UK for at least 365 days, with at least one day falling within the tax year.

Sufficient Ties Test (If neither of the above tests apply)

This test considers UK ties and days spent in the UK. The more ties a person has, the fewer days they need to become a tax resident.

Ties include:

  • Family tie (spouse/civil partner or minor children in the UK).
  • Accommodation tie (a place to stay in the UK for at least 91 days).
  • Work tie (worked in the UK for 40+ days in a tax year).
  • 90-day tie (spent 90+ days in the UK in either of the previous two tax years).
  • Country tie (spent more time in the UK than in any other country – only applies to leavers).

Tax rate

Tax rate for annual taxable income up to GBP 12,570
0%

%

Tax period

The tax period runs from 6th April to 5th April each tax year

Tax rate for annual taxable income from GBP 12,571 to GBP 50,270
20%

%
Tax rate for annual taxable income from GBP 50,271 to GBP 150,000
40%

%
Tax rate for annual taxable income over GBP 150,000
45%

%

Social security contributions

The rate of social security contributions paid by the employer in the United Kingdom is:

up to GBP 12,570 per tax year
0%

%

Health insurance contributions

In the United Kingdom, employers have the choice to provide health insurance to their employees. If an employer provides health insurance, the employee will be taxed on the benefit, either through the payroll or via the submission of a P11D at the end of the tax year.

from GBP 12,571 per tax year
8%

%

Tax return filing

The deadline for submission of the tax return will be on the 31st of January.

Penalties related to expat tax in the United Kingdom

If you are required to submit a tax return and fail to meet the deadline for submitting it or paying your bill, you be a subject to a penalty. A late filing penalty of GBP 100 will be charged if your tax return is up to 3 months late and additional charges will apply if it’s later, or if you pay your tax bill late. Additionally, interest is also charged on late payments.

Penalties related to social security

If you fail to make payments of social security contributions in time, interest charges will be applied as a result of the delay.

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